The Awakening was not forwarded solely through the campaigns of itinerant preachers. One effect of Whitefield’s visits was to rouse the ministers. ‘The reason why congregations have been so dead,’ he explained bluntly, ‘is because dead men preach to them.’ During the Awakening ‘dead men’ came alive and were themselves used to revive their people. Renewed churches began to show an uncustomary concern for evangelism. Missionary enterprise was stimulated. David Brainerd, a product of the revival, became